The Journal of Arthroplasty
Volume 25, Issue 3 , Pages 416-419 , April 2010

Asian Ethnicity and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in the Osteoarthritic Total Knee Arthroplasty Population

  • Rajiv Gandhi, MD, SM, FRCSC

      Affiliations

    • Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Rajiv Gandhi, MD, SM, FRCSC, Toronto Western Hospital, East Wing 1-439, 399 Bathurst St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8.
  • ,
  • Fahad Razak, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
  • ,
  • Peggy Tso, BHSc

      Affiliations

    • Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  • ,
  • J. Roderick Davey, MD, FRCSC

      Affiliations

    • Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  • ,
  • Nizar N. Mahomed, MD, ScD, FRCSC

      Affiliations

    • Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Received 7 July 2008 ,Accepted 4 February 2009.

References 

  1. Bray GA, Bellanger T. Epidemiology, trends, and morbidities of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Endocrine. 2006;29:109
  2. Grundy SM. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:2595
  3. Rutter MK, Meigs JB, Sullivan LM, et al. C-reactive protein, the metabolic syndrome, and prediction of cardiovascular events in the Framingham Offspring Study. Circulation. 2004;110:380
  4. Wee CC, Mukamal KJ, Huang A, et al. Obesity and C-reactive protein levels among white, black, and Hispanic US adults. Obesity. 2008;16:875
  5. Onat A, Can G, Hergenc G. Serum C-reactive protein is an independent risk factor predicting cardiometabolic risk. Metabolism. 2008;57:207
  6. Rojas-Rodriguez J, Escobar-Linares L, Garcia-Carrasco M, et al. The relationship between the metabolic syndrome and energy-utilization deficit in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced osteoarthritis. Med Hypotheses. 2007;69:860
  7. Singh G, Miller JD, Lee FH, et al. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors among US adults with self-reported osteoarthritis: data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Manag Care. 2002;8(Suppl. 15):S383
  8. Conaghan PG, Vanharanta H, Dieppe PA. Is progressive osteoarthritis an atheromatous vascular disease?. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64:1539
  9. Pradhan AD, Manson JE, Rifai N, et al. C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 2001;286:327
  10. Kern PA, Ranganathan S, Li C, et al. Adipose tissue tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 expression in human obesity and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol. 2001;280:E745
  11. Vozarova B, Weyer C, Hanson K, et al. Circulating interleukin-6 in relation to adiposity, insulin action, and insulin secretion. Obes Res. 2001;9:414
  12. Toussirot E, Streit G, Wendling D. The contribution of adipose tissue and adipokines to inflammation in joint diseases. Curr Med Chem. 2007;14:1095
  13. Terlain B, Presle N, Pottie P, et al. Leptin: a link between obesity and osteoarthritis?. Bull Acad Natl Med. 2006;190:1421
  14. La Cava A, Alviggi C, Matarese G. Unraveling the multiple roles of leptin in inflammation and autoimmunity. J Mol Med. 2004;82:4
  15. Dumond H, Presle N, Terlain B, et al. Evidence for a key role of leptin in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48:3118
  16. Gualillo O. Editorial: further evidence for leptin involvement in cartilage homeostasis. Osteo Cartilage. 2007;15:857
  17. Simopoulou T, Malizos KN, Iliopoulos D, et al. Differential expression of leptin and leptin's receptor isoform(Ob-Rb) mRNA between advanced and minimally affected osteoarthritic cartilage; effect on cartilage metabolism. Osteo Cartilage. 2007;15:872
  18. Hoang KC, Le TV, Wong ND. The metabolic syndrome in East Asians. J Cardiometab Syndr. 2007;2:276
  19. Enas EA, Mohan V, Deepa M, et al. The metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia among Asian Indians: a population with high rates of diabetes and premature coronary artery disease. J Cardiometab Syndr. 2007;2:267
  20. Nestel P, Lyu R, Low LP, et al. Metabolic syndrome: recent prevalence in East and Southeast Asian populations. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16:362
  21. Razak F, Anand SS, Shannon H, et al. Defining obesity cut points in a multiethnic population. Circulation. 2007;115:2111
  22. Meigs JB, Wilson PW, Nathan DM, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in the San Antonio Heart and Framingham Offspring Studies. Diabetes. 2003;52:2160
  23. Lorenzo C, Williams K, Hunt KJ, et al. The National Cholesterol Education Program–Adult Treatment Panel III, International Diabetes Federation, and World Health Organization definitions of the metabolic syndrome as predictors of incident cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:8
  24. World Health Organization . Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications: report of a WHO consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1999;
  25. Grundy SM, Brewer HB, Cleeman JI, et al., National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association  Definition of metabolic syndrome: report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:e13
  26. Bellamy N, Buchanan WW, Goldsmith CH, et al. Validation study of WOMAC: a health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. J Rheumatol. 1988;5:1833
  27. Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA. 2002;287:356
  28. Aspden R, Scheven B, Hutchison J. Osteoarthritis as a systemic disorder including stromal cell differentiation and lipid metabolism. Lancet. 2001;357:1118
  29. Parvizi J, Pulido L, Purtill JJ, et al. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk for pulmonary embolism after joint arthroplasty. Abstract J Arthroplasty. 2008;23:327
  30. Ay C, Tengler T, Vormittag R, et al. Venous thromboembolism—a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Haematologica. 2007;92:374
  31. Ageno W, Prandoni P, Romualdi E, et al. The metabolic syndrome and the risk of venous thrombosis: a case-control study. J Thromb Haemost. 2006;4:1914
  32. Durina J, Remkova A. Prothrombotic state in metabolic syndrome. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2007;108:279
  33. Wang TN, Huang MC, Chang WT, et al. G-2548A polymorphism of the leptin gene is correlated with extreme obesity in Taiwanese aborigines. Obesity. 2006;14:183
  34. Tong J, Fujimoto WY, Kahn SE, et al. Insulin, C-peptide, and leptin concentrations predict increased visceral adiposity at 5- and 10-year follow-ups in nondiabetic Japanese Americans. Diabetes. 2005;54:985
  35. Peng XD, Xie H, Zhao Q, et al. Relationships between serum adiponectin, leptin, resistin, visfatin levels and bone mineral density, and bone biochemical markers in Chinese men. Clin Chim Acta. 2008;387:31

 No benefits or funds were received in support of the study.

PII: S0883-5403(09)00052-7

doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2009.02.005

The Journal of Arthroplasty
Volume 25, Issue 3 , Pages 416-419 , April 2010